October 2024: Fractal Audio's VP4 Virtual Pedalboard has been added to the wiki.
Flanger block
Contents
Available on which products
- Axe-Fx III: 2 blocks
- FM9: 2 blocks
- FM3: 2 blocks
- Axe-Fx II: 2 blocks
- FX8: 2 blocks
- AX8: 1 block
Channels or X/Y
- Axe-Fx III and FM9 and FM3: 4 channels
- Axe-Fx II: X/Y
- FX8: X/Y
- AX8: X/Y
About the Flanger block
"Flanging" originated from pressing on the flange of a tape reel of two tape decks that were synchronized. This causes a small delay between the two decks, creating the famous "whooshing" sound.
More information:
- Wikipedia: Flanger
- Premier Guitar: Behind the Bucket Brigade
- Mistress Mystery Page
- The Flanger: Your Most Versatile Modulator
- Gilmourish: Electric Mistress
Eddie Van Halen's flanger settings:
Firmware Ares 12
Firmware Ares 12 completely overhauled the Flanger block:
- "The Delay parameter on the Basic page has been replaced by a "Manual" knob. It functions the same as a typical pedal/rack flanger. To manually control the flanging set Depth to zero. The sensitivity of the Manual control is inversely proportional to Depth and the Manual control is disabled when Depth is at maximum.
- The Depth control mixes the LFO and Manual controls. When Depth is at minimum the delay time is controlled entirely by Manual. When Depth is at maximum the delay time is controlled solely by the LFO.
- There are now separate Minimum Time and Maximum Time parameters. These set (not surprisingly) the minimum and maximum delay time when the Depth is at maximum and Manual is at minimum. These are updated when the type is changed. The Flanger block now allows minimum delay times as short as 340 microseconds. If one of the Thru-Zero modes is selected the dry path is delayed accordingly resulting in a net minimum delay time of zero.
- The "Focus" parameter cuts the bass in the wet path but unlike a low cut compensates the dry path so the net frequency response is flatter.
- There are three "VCO Curve" types. Linear yields a linear delay time vs. LFO. Exponential gives an exponential response which can be more "musical" because the notches will move more linearly with the logarithm of frequency. Square-law is sort of in-between and is what the old A/DA flanger used.
- The "Exponent" parameter controls the exponent for the Exponential type. A value of 1.0 is "ideal" and results in the notches sweeping linearly with log(frequency). Higher values cause the delay time to dwell at shorter times and then increase rapidly towards the longer times. Lower values cause the delay time to dwell at longer times.
- There are five new types based on classic pedals. The MXF-117 is based on the MXR 117, the BBF-2 is based on the Boss BF-2, the Electric Mystery and Deluxe Mystery are based on the Electric Mistress and the D/AD 185 is based on the aforementioned A/DA flanger.
- There are two Thru-Zero modes: AUTO and MANUAL. AUTO automatically adjusts the thru-zero so that the zero-point is mid-sweep regardless of the Manual value. MANUAL is intended to replicate manual tape flanging. To use MANUAL set the Depth to zero and vary the Manual control to simulate pressing on the tape flange. If Dry Delay is 50% the zero-point on the Manual control is 5.0. Lower values of Dry Delay will shift the zero-point down and vice-versa. Set Thru-Zero to MANUAL and attach an expression pedal to the Manual parameter for the "Ultimate Tape Flanger".
- The LFO Monitor graph allows monitoring the LFO waveform in real time. Note that for some models the LFO waveform will be distorted due to the nonlinear filtering that occurs. This tends to make a triangle wave look like something in between a sine wave and a sawtooth."
FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES
The core flanger algorithm is a delay with feedback. Very little difference between using the delay block as a flanger and using the flanger block.
It is basically the same as the delay block but with finer control over the base delay time. It's essentially the same algorithm.
The basic algorithm IS a delay. Chorus and flangers are basically delays. If you can do it with the delay block then you can do it with the flanger block UNLESS the base time is greater than 10 ms.
The issue isn't the algorithm. It's understanding the parameters and how to adjust them. Obviously things are too confusing for some people and I will have to give some thought on how to make the effect easier to adjust or clarify the controls. If anything, the flanger block is superior to the delay block for flanging because you have more precise control over the time. The delay block is quantized to 1 ms increments.
PREVIOUS GENERATIONS
The Flanger block has been completely rewritten. The new algorithms now model the behavior of classic bucket-brigade device (BBD) units (except they are true stereo). The Depth parameter works somewhat differently now and sets the maximum delay time (up to 20 ms). When Auto Depth is not off the maximum delay is reduced as the rate is increased. There are now three Auto Depth values: Low, Medium and High. Turning Auto Depth to Off allows complete control over the delay time. The minimum time is set by the Delay parameter and the maximum time is set by the Depth. Several new Flanger types have been added which demonstrate the new algorithms.
Dry Delay Shift has been renamed to Dry Delay and works differently (and more intuitively). The parameter now sets the delay time of the dry signal as a percentage of the maximum delay time of the wet signal. For classic thru-zero flanging this parameter should be set to 50%. For interesting new sounds experiment with lower or higher values. Note that this parameter has no effect if Through Zero is set to Off.
Flanger block diagram
Flanger types
- 80's Rack Flanger
- Analog Mono
- Analog Stereo
- BBF-2: based on the Boss BF-2
- Binary Flange
- Cancel Flange: through zero-flanging
- Count of Flanging: based on Dream Theater's Count of Tuscany
- Cuda Flange: Based on Barracuda by Heart
- D/AD 185: based on the A/DA flanger
- Deluxe Mystery: based on the EHX Deluxe Electric Mistress
- Digital Mono
- Digital Stereo
- Electric Mystery: based on the EHX Electric Mistress
- FAS Flanger: custom model
- Harmonoflange
- Hemisflange: based on Hemispheres by Rush
- Lofty Flange
- Manual Thru-Zero Flanger
- Melodic Flange
- MXF-117: based on the MXR 117
- Pop Flanger
- Scion Stereo Flange
- Spirit Flange: based on The Spirit of Radio by Rush
- Starship Flanger: based on Starship Trooper by Yes
- Step Flanger
- Stereo Flanger
- Tape Flanger
- Thru-Zero
- Trippy Flanger
- Tubular
- Vowel Flanger
- Zero Flanger
Flanger block position on the grid
The Flanger block can be placed before or after the Amp block.
In traditional rigs, the Flanger pedal usually goes in front of the amp, before distortion.
For a more pronounced effect, place the Flanger after the Amp block. As demonstrated in factory presets such as TZF FLANGER and JET FLANGER. This also allows it to operate in stereo.
Mono or stereo
Flanger is mono or stereo. It defaults to mono to prevent phase problems when used before an Amp block.
To make it stereo, adjust LFO Phase.
Avoid Phase cancellation.
Parameters
Manual
The Manual control functions the same as a typical pedal/rack flanger. To manually control the flanging set Depth to zero. The sensitivity of the Manual control is inversely proportional to Depth and the Manual control is disabled when Depth is at maximum.
Depth and Time
Prior to firmware Ares 12:
The Depth parameter sets the maximum delay time (up to 20 ms). When Auto Depth is not off, the maximum delay is reduced as the rate is increased. There are three Auto Depth values: Low, Medium and High. Turning Auto Depth to Off allows complete control over the delay time. The minimum time is set by the Delay parameter and the maximum time is set by Depth.
"The key is getting the depth and time right."
"I think the problem is people set the Depth too high. For slow rates the Depth should be between 10 and 20%."
"The temptation is to turn Depth up but that can actually decrease the intensity of the effect. Depth controls the sweep depth but if you turn it up you'll sweep too much and ruin the effect. Always start very low and bring it up gradually."
"Depth controls the sweep depth. Time controls the minimum delay time of the wet signal. Depth controls the maximum time, up to 10 ms beyond the minimum time. If you set Time to 1 ms and Depth to 100% the delay sweeps from 1 ms to 11 ms. Personally I like around 1 ms for the time and 10 - 20% for the depth."
"If you can do it with the delay block then you can do it with the flanger block UNLESS the base time is greater than 10 ms. I've never seen a flanger have more than 10 ms of delay since then it's really not a flanger anymore but a chorus."
"The Axe-Fx time parameter sets the minimum time. The modulation is unipolar on top of the base time, up to 10 ms of modulation. So the maximum time is 20 ms which is longer than the A/DA. Technically a flanger is a very short delay."
Firmware Ares 12:
"The Depth control mixes the LFO and Manual controls. When Depth is at minimum the delay time is controlled entirely by Manual. When Depth is at maximum the delay time is controlled solely by the LFO."
"There are now separate Minimum Time and Maximum Time parameters. These set (not surprisingly) the minimum and maximum delay time when the Depth is at maximum and Manual is at minimum. These are updated when the type is changed. The Flanger block now allows minimum delay times as short as 340 microseconds. If one of the Thru-Zero modes is selected the dry path is delayed accordingly resulting in a net minimum delay time of zero."
Feedback
"Feedback was something that was added to "flangers" that were intended to emulate this effect but the original flanging technique did not have feedback. There is nothing to say a chorus can't have feedback as well. It just happens to not sound good so it's not done."
To simulate the Odd/Even control on the original A/DA flanger, use positive/negative Feedback. [1]
With Feedback at zero, the Flanger is very similar to a chorus.
"Just use the flanger with zero feedback and modulate MANUAL. In some cases, the Flanger is now a better chorus than the chorus!" [2]
"Use the Chorus, which is the same thing as a flanger whose feedback is set to 0." [3]
Delay
Prior to firmware Ares 12:
The minimum delay time is set by the Delay parameter and the maximum delay time is set by Depth.
"Delay range: 0 to 10 ms. Technically the block is capable of 0 to 20 ms but I've never found any use for that. Just sounds strange to me."
Firmware Ares 12:
"The Delay parameter on the Basic page has been replaced by a "Manual" knob. It functions the same as a typical pedal/rack flanger. To manually control the flanging set Depth to zero. The sensitivity of the Manual control is inversely proportional to Depth and the Manual control is disabled when Depth is maximum."
Focus
Firmware Ares 12:
"The "Focus" parameter cuts the bass in the wet path but unlike a low cut compensates the dry path so the net frequency response is flatter."
VCO Curve
Firmware Ares 12:
"There are three "VCO Curve" types. Linear yields a linear delay time vs. LFO. Exponential gives an exponential response which can be more "musical" because the notches will move more linearly with the logarithm of frequency. Square-law is sort of in-between and is what the old A/DA flanger used."
"The "Exponent" parameter controls the exponent for the Exponential type. A value of 1.0 is "ideal" and results in the notches sweeping linearly with log(frequency). Higher values cause the delay time to dwell at shorter times and then increase rapidly towards the longer times. Lower values cause the delay time to dwell at longer times."
Mix
"The ideal mix is 50% as this will create the most intense effect but sometimes a little more or less is desirable. If you deviate from 50% you'll reduce the depth of the notches caused by the comb filtering. This can make the effect more subtle but perhaps more "organic". Deep notches aren't always desirable."
LFO Bypass Reset
This resets the LFO whenever the block is bypassed. This allows synchronizing the sweep to the engagement of the effect.
LFO Phase
This sets the stereo field of the Flanger. 0 is mono.
Dry Delay
For classic Through-Zero flanging, this parameter should be set to 50%. For interesting new sounds, experiment with lower or higher values. If Dry Delay is 50%, the zero-point on the Manual control is 5.0. Lower values of Dry Delay will shift the zero-point down and vice-versa.
This parameter has no effect if Through Zero is set to Off.
Through-Zero
Firmware Ares 12:
"There are two Thru-Zero modes: AUTO and MANUAL. AUTO automatically adjusts the thru-zero so that the zero-point is mid-sweep regardless of the Manual value. MANUAL is intended to replicate manual tape flanging. To use MANUAL set the Depth to zero and vary the Manual control to simulate pressing on the tape flange. If Dry Delay is 50% the zero-point on the Manual control is 5.0. Lower values of Dry Delay will shift the zero-point down and vice-versa. Set Thru-Zero to MANUAL and attach an expression pedal to the Manual parameter for the "Ultimate Tape Flanger."
The only difference between the Thru-Zero and Zero flanger types is the Phase Reverse setting.
A through-zero flanger increases processing latency.
"It depends on the flanger type. If it's a thru-zero flanger it necessarily adds latency because you have to delay wet and dry for that to work.. Otherwise it does not." [4]
Tape flanging
Firmware Ares 12:
"The MANUAL Thru-Zero mode is intended to replicate manual tape flanging. To use MANUAL set the Depth to zero and vary the Manual control to simulate pressing on the tape flange. If Dry Delay is 50% the zero-point on the Manual control is 5.0. Lower values of Dry Delay will shift the zero-point down and vice-versa. Set Thru-Zero to MANUAL and attach an expression pedal to the Manual parameter for the "Ultimate Tape Flanger"."
For authentic results, put the Flanger at the end of the chain.
Firmware Cygnus 23 added the Tape Flanger type.
Stereo Spread
Values beyond +/-100% increase the apparent image beyond the stereo field.
Tips, tricks and troubleshooting
Factory presets
The Flanger block is showcased in many factory presets. Search the Factory presets page for "flanger".
The ANDY MESSAGE factory preset features different kinds of flanging based on Electro-Harmonix devices.
Andy Summer's sound (The Police)
Admin M@'s settings for the sound of a Electric Mistress Deluxe
Boss CE-1
Emulating the Boss CE-1 using a LFO-driven Flanger block
Fixed flanger effect
Set Rate at zero. Or use the Resonator block.
"The Resonator block is basically a type of fixed flanger. Well, four of them in parallel actually."
Dynaflanger effect
The Axe-Fx III, FM9 and FM3 have presets showcasing the "DynamoFlanger", which produces the Ibanez Dynaflanger sound effect, as used by Frank Zappa.
To find these, search the Factory presets page for "dyna".
Contour the taper
"If you want to contour the taper of a flanger, try this trick: Place a modifier on the TIME. Set the source to SEQUENCER. Add a little damping. Now you can craft any kind of sweep shape you want. Use MIN and MAX in the modifier to set the depth. You can also do this with the DELAY block MONO TAPE algorithm. It has a different sound than the Flanger block. Modify MOTOR TIME using an LFO or the trick above." [5]
Use other effects for flanging
The Multitap Delay block and Delay block can be used to create flanging effects.
Videos
