Always consult the official Owners Manuals first!
March 2024: all pages have been checked and are up-to-date

Difference between revisions of "Reverb block"

From Fractal Audio Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (edited for readability)
 
(255 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
__TOC__
 
__TOC__
[[image:Iii-reverb.jpg|350px|link=]]
 
[[Image:Reverb block.png|400px]]
 
 
 
=Available on which products=
 
=Available on which products=
  
* '''Axe-Fx III''': 2 blocks
+
* '''Axe-Fx III''', '''FM9''': 2 blocks
 
* '''FM3''': 1 block
 
* '''FM3''': 1 block
* '''Axe-Fx II''': 2 blocks
+
* '''Axe-Fx II''', '''AX8''', '''FX8''': 2 blocks
* '''AX8''': 1 block
+
* [[FAS-FX Reverb plugin]]
* '''FX8''': 2 blocks
 
* '''[[FAS-FX Reverb plugin]]'''
 
  
=Channels or X/Y switching=
+
=Channels or X/Y=
  
* '''Axe-Fx III''' and '''FM3''': 4 channels
+
* '''Axe-Fx III''', '''FM9''', '''FM3''': 4 channels
* '''Axe-Fx II''': X/Y
+
* '''Axe-Fx II''', '''AX8''', '''FX8''': X/Y
* '''AX8''': X/Y
 
* '''FX8''': X/Y
 
  
 
=FAS-FX Reverb plugin=
 
=FAS-FX Reverb plugin=
  
Fractal Audio's reverb is also available as a software plugin (AAX, AU, VST): [[FAS-FX Reverb plugin]]
+
Some of Fractal Audio's reverb algorithms are also available as software AAX, AU or VST plugins: See [[FAS-FX Reverb plugin]] for more information.
 +
 
 +
=Reverb types=
 +
 
 +
The reverb types are based on several algorithms, such as:
 +
 
 +
; SPRING  : A spring reverb in a guitar amp or standalone reverb tank.
 +
; ROOM    : A natural realistic short reverb in a room.
 +
; CHAMBER : A bright, resonant reverb natural reverb in a boxy chamber.
 +
; HALL    : A natural long reverb in a concert hall. Similar to Room but a little less smooth and with some response peaks. Use this when you want your sound to stand out.
 +
; PLATE  : A vibrating reverb plate with a smooth sound.
 +
; STUDIO  : A classic digital studio reverb units.
 +
; TUNNEL  : A natural reverb in a long, narrow space tunnel, great for special effects.
 +
 
 +
Some of the types are modeled after famous reverb units:
 +
 
 +
; London Plate : Based on the EMT 140 plate reverb, used on [https://thegearforum.com/threads/fractal-talk.2745/post-130249 Pink Floyd albums].
 +
; Sun Plate : Probably based on the plate reverb used on in Sun Studio.
 +
; North and South Church : Inspired by [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/north-and-south-church-on-fas-verb.120766/#post-1437068 the Bricasti].
 +
; Cloud types : Probably inspired by the Big Sky.
  
=Reverb in the Axe-Fx III and FM3=
+
<blockquote>
 +
'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''
 +
<HR>
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/fas-uad-ocean-way-studio-plugin.125521/#post-1493632]
 +
The reverb block in the Axe-Fx is very powerful. Turn the Early Level up and the Late Level down and you can hear the different "spaces". There's a variety of room shapes from almost square to long and narrow along with plates and springs. The Size parameter allows you to scale the dimensions.
 +
</blockquote>
  
Reverb has been improved in firmware Ares. Also, lots of types (including various "cloud" types) haven been added.
+
Referring to David Griesinger:
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/is-the-new-reverb-classed-as-a-convolution-reverb.92501/#post-1111995]
 +
[…]
 +
He probably knows more about reverb than everyone else combined. He's the father of the Lexicon reverbs. According to him, and I have no reason to doubt him, real reverb (i.e. reverb from a real space) is actually inferior to synthetic reverb. This is due to human perception. Real reverb (and by extension convolution reverb) actually reduces intelligibility and clarity due to the particular nature of the decay, the decay being exponential. Synthetic reverb allows one to craft the decay curve thereby rendering improved clarity. If the decay curve is flat for a period and then exponential it doesn't clutter the desired program material.
  
Reverb defaults to high-quality on the Axe-Fx III.  
+
The new reverb algorithms in the Axe-Fx are based on his theories.
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>(Axe-Fx III) "The new reverb algorithms use more CPU than those from the Axe-Fx II would use but they sound better. Also the reverb defaults to high-quality mode whereas the II defaults to normal-quality mode." [http://www.thegearpage.net/board/index.php?threads/axe-fx-iii.1907452/page-68#post-25886137 source] </blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/environment-simulator.172084/post-2076899]
 +
An "environment simulator" is reverb. There are dozens of different room shapes/types in the Reverb block. Turn down the late level and increase the early reflections level to hear the "room" shape.
 +
</blockquote>
  
Firmware Ares 12:
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/10-questions-about-reverb.173557/post-2101296]
 +
The algorithm is not intended to be a binaural simulator.
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"Improved Spring Reverb algorithm. Also added “Boiiinnng!” parameter which controls the “springiness” of the reverb."</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://www.thegearpage.net/board/index.php?threads/axe-fx-iii.1907452/page-68#post-25886137]
 +
The new reverb algorithms use more CPU than those from the Axe-Fx II would use but they sound better. Also the reverb defaults to high-quality mode whereas the II defaults to normal-quality mode.
 +
</blockquote>
  
Firmware Ares 12 also added another Spring reverb type: the Deluxe String Reverb.
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://thegearforum.com/threads/fractal-reverbs-what-inspired-them.2727/post-93025]
 +
All the reverbs were designed by me. A handful (i.e., North Church) were inspired by the Bricasti M7. Otherwise they weren't inspired by anything in particular.
 +
</blockquote>
  
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=AFBiAF19iVg Camilo Velandia demonstrates Reverb types in the Axe-Fx III]
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/effects-quality.75657/#post-924391]
 +
Studio type is a different algorithm. The algorithms are similar but the Studio type is meant to reproduce that classic synthetic reverb sound in units like Lexicon and Eventide.
 +
</blockquote>
  
Firmware Ares 12.08:
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://thegearforum.com/threads/fractal-reverbs-what-inspired-them.2727/post-93107]
 +
I read many papers on reverb algorithms and there is one by David Griesinger that talks about perceptual qualities of reverb. I then spent a lot of time working out how to apply that to our reverberator. Our reverberator design is based on a modified FDN. FDNs are easy to make sound good. The hard part is making them sound great. The hardest part is getting the attack right.
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"Improved Reverb algorithms."</blockquote>
+
Fractal Audio explains the improved SPRING reverb algorithm and new spring reverb types in the release notes with firmware 23:
<blockquote>"Added ECONOMY mode to Reverb block. This can be used to reduce CPU usage when building elaborate presets."</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-23-00-public-beta-3.198986/] New algorithm is based on a digital waveguide with scattering nodes. This algorithm achieves accurate spring reproduction recreating the iconic “drip” and flutter of classic spring tanks.
  
=Reverb types=
+
There are two internal Spring Reverb types. The type can be selected using the Tank Type parameter. This parameter defaults to the appropriate type based on the model.
 +
 
 +
The first type has all the springs in parallel. This is used by the British Spring and Studio Spring models. This is equivalent to an Accutronics Type 8 reverb tank.
 +
 
 +
The second type has a pair of springs in series in parallel with one or more pairs of springs in series. This is equivalent to an Accutronics Type 4 (four springs) or Type 9 (six springs).
 +
 
 +
For the second Spring Reverb type the reflection off the junction between the coupled springs is controlled by the Scattering parameter. Vintage Accutronics reverb tanks exhibit more reflection off the junction than modern, Asian-made reverb tanks.
 +
 
 +
The “Drip” parameter controls the dispersion of the springs.
 +
 
 +
The various models have different tone controls.
 +
 
 +
Several new models have been added. The Tube Spring model is based on a 6G15 Tube Reverb and has an authentic tone control. Studio Spring is a hypothetical spring reverb with six long springs in parallel.
 +
 
 +
Note that the Modulation parameters have been removed as they are not compatible with the new algorithm.
  
The reverbs (types) are based on several algorithms, such as:
+
Existing presets using Spring Reverb types are reset to default values. Audition as necessary.
 +
</blockquote>
  
* SPRING — simulates the physical spring reverb in a guitar amp
+
<blockquote>
* ROOM — simulates natural realistic short reverb in a room
+
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-23-00-public-beta-2.198814/page-2#post-2473171]
* CHAMBER — simulates natural reverb in a boxy chamber (bright, resonant reverb)
+
(Spring Reverb) This was an algorithm I've been working on on-and-off over the years. I dusted it off a couple weeks ago and took another go at it. I finally had a couple breakthroughs this week and spent the last few days refining the algorithm and the models. It's a sort of digital waveguide technique. It models the reflections off various points on the spring and the dispersion of the waves as they travel through the spring.
* HALL — simulates natural long reverb in a concert hall. Similar to Room but a little less smooth and with some response peaks. Use this when you want your sound to stand out
+
</blockquote>
* PLATE — simulates a vibrating reverb plate with a smooth sound
 
* STUDIO — models classic digital studio reverb units
 
* TUNNEL — simulates natural reverb in a tunnel (long, narrow space, great for special effects)
 
  
Some of the types are modeled after famous reverb units:
+
The PLATE reverb has also been improved in firmware 23. Release notes:
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-23-00-public-beta-3.198986/]
 +
New Plate Reverb algorithm. This new algorithm captures the dispersion (Star Wars™ Laser “pew, pew” sound) and unique stereo imaging of classic plate reverbs. Dispersion is adjustable via the Dispersion parameter. Typical plates are around 25-50%. Set to higher values to exaggerate the effect. Stereo imaging is adjustable via the Pickup Spacing parameter.
 +
</blockquote>
  
* London Plate — probably based on the EMT 140 plate reverb
+
<blockquote>
* Sun Plate — probably based on the plate reverb used on in Sun Studio
+
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/the-power-of-one-block.198958/post-2475936]
* North and South Church — inspired by the Bricasti [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/north-and-south-church-on-fas-verb.120766/#post-1437068 source]
+
The spring algorithm was the impetus for a new plate algorithm.
* "cloud" types: probably inspired by the Big Sky
+
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"The reverb block in the Axe-Fx is very powerful. Turn the Early Level up and the Late Level down and you can hear the different "spaces". There's a variety of room shapes from almost square to long and narrow along with plates and springs. The Size parameter allows you to scale the dimensions." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/fas-uad-ocean-way-studio-plugin.125521/#post-1493632 source] </blockquote>
+
Other improvements in firmware 23:
 +
<blockquote>
 +
Improved Reverb block early reflections. As a result, the default values of Early Level and Late Level for the models have been updated. Existing presets are automatically updated to the new values. Audition as necessary. The Early and Late Level parameters have also been removed from the Basic page of the Reverb block.
  
<blockquote>"David Griesinger probably knows more about reverb than everyone else combined. He's the father of the Lexicon reverbs. According to him, and I have no reason to doubt him, real reverb (i.e. reverb from a real space) is actually inferior to synthetic reverb. This is due to human perception. Real reverb (and by extension convolution reverb) actually reduces intelligibility and clarity due to the particular nature of the decay, the decay being exponential. Synthetic reverb allows one to craft the decay curve thereby rendering improved clarity. If the decay curve is flat for a period and then exponential it doesn't clutter the desired program material. The new reverb algorithms in the Axe-Fx are based on his theories." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/is-the-new-reverb-classed-as-a-convolution-reverb.92501/#post-1111995 source] </blockquote>
+
Added “Pre-Delay Tap” parameter to Reverb block. This selects the input to the reverb engine. When set to OUTPUT the behavior is as before. When set to INPUT the initial delay is absent. This allows more natural “Echo-Verb” sounds. This is now the default for these types of models and existing presets are automatically updated.
  
Many factory presets feature some kind of reverb.
+
Many of the Reverb models have been updated in firmware 23. Existing presets: reselecting the model will load the new default values.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
=Position of the Reverb block on the grid=
+
=Reverb block position on the grid=
  
In the studio, in DAWs and 19" rigs reverb usually is placed somewhere at the end of the chain.
+
Read <q>[[Presets#PRE_and_POST_routing|PRE and POST routing]]</q> first.
  
<blockquote>"Placing reverb after the Cab is the recommended routing. The reverb is stereo. The Cab block may be mono so you would lose the stereo field. Both blocks are linear so there is no advantage to placing reverb before the Cab."</blockquote>
+
In the studio, DAWs and 19" rack rigs, reverb usually is placed at the end of the chain.
  
 
Put the Spring Reverb type ''before'' the Amp block for authenticity.
 
Put the Spring Reverb type ''before'' the Amp block for authenticity.
  
<blockquote>"Our spring reverb is great. You just need to put it before the amp block as this is equivalent to how it would be in the amp. If you put it after the amp block it won't sound the same." [https://www.thegearpage.net/board/index.php?threads/fender-tonemaster-dr.2078420/page-3#post-29194985 source]</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''
 +
<HR>
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/carr-troubles.79817/post-971141]
 +
Placing reverb after the Cab is the recommended routing. The reverb is stereo. The Cab block may be mono so you would lose the stereo field.
 +
 
 +
Both blocks are linear so there is no advantage to placing reverb before the Cab.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
 
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[https://www.thegearpage.net/board/index.php?threads/fender-tonemaster-dr.2078420/page-3#post-29194985]
 +
You just need to put it before the amp block as this is equivalent to how it would be in the amp. If you put it after the amp block it won't sound the same.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
 
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[https://www.thegearpage.net/board/index.php?threads/fender-tonemaster-dr.2078420/page-4#post-29198602]
 +
The spring reverb in a fender amp is "effectively" in front because the preamp is essentially linear. Any distortion in a Fender comes from the power amp. Since the preamp is linear putting the reverb before the preamp is the same as putting it after preamp since linear systems are commutative, i.e. x + y = y + x.
 +
 
 +
Also, our spring reverb algorithm has been updated recently and sounds better than before. I used our Fender '63 Reverb unit as the reference.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
 
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/spring-reverbs.110084/page-2#post-1317882]  
 +
For authentic spring reverb sound you want the reverb in front of the amp block. A big reason spring reverbs sound the way they do is that they get colored by the amp.
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"The spring reverb in a fender amp is "effectively" in front because the preamp is essentially linear. Any distortion in a Fender comes from the power amp. Since the preamp is linear putting the reverb before the preamp is the same as putting it after preamp since linear systems are commutative, i.e. x + y = y + x. Also, our spring reverb algorithm has been updated recently and sounds better than before. I used our Fender '63 Reverb unit as the reference." [https://www.thegearpage.net/board/index.php?threads/fender-tonemaster-dr.2078420/page-4#post-29198602 source]</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-between-pre-and-power-like-in-a-fender.147574/#post-1744558]
 +
[…]
 +
The preamp of a Fender doesn't distort much, if at all. Therefore it can be considered linear. Linear systems are commutative. Therefore reverb before the amp is the same as reverb between the preamp and poweramp.  
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"For authentic spring reverb sound you want the reverb in front of the amp block. A big reason spring reverbs sound the way they do is that they get colored by the amp." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/spring-reverbs.110084/page-2#post-1317882 source] </blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-between-pre-and-power-like-in-a-fender.147574/page-2#post-1744696]
 +
The reverb cannot be placed between the preamp and power amp. Doesn't matter though as putting the reverb before the amp block is the same thing for Fender amps because the preamp doesn't distort.
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"The preamp of a Fender doesn't distort much, if at all. Therefore it can be considered linear. Linear systems are commutative. Therefore reverb before the amp is the same as reverb between the preamp and poweramp." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-between-pre-and-power-like-in-a-fender.147574/#post-1744558 source]</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/to-all-the-pundits.137179/page-6#post-1713205]
 +
Reverb is linear time-invariant (LTI) which means it's commutative. IOW, you can put EQ before or after and it will sound the same. It doesn't add harmonics or overtones, by definition. Now our reverb algorithms aren't exactly LTI because they have modulation but they are "wide sense stationary" which means for all intents and purposes you can treat them as linear.
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"The reverb cannot be placed between the preamp and power amp. Doesn't matter though as putting the reverb before the amp block is the same thing for Fender amps because the preamp doesn't distort." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-between-pre-and-power-like-in-a-fender.147574/page-2#post-1744696 source]</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/delay-before-reverb-or-reverb-before-delay-whats-your-preference.57690/page-2#post-723087]
 +
If there isn't distortion or modulation in the delay/reverb then the order is irrelevant since they are then Linear Time Invariant (or shift invariant in digital parlance). If there is a small amount of distortion or modulation then the order is probably still irrelevant. If there is a lot of distortion or modulation then the order may make a difference.
  
About the order of Reverb and EQ:
+
However, typically the biggest difference, as noted above, is series vs. parallel since h1(t)*h2(t) is not the same as h1(t)+h2(t). If LTI h1*h2 = h2*h1.
  
<blockquote>"Reverb is linear time-invariant (LTI) which means it's commutative. IOW, you can put EQ before or after and it will sound the same. It doesn't add harmonics or overtones, by definition. Now our reverb algorithms aren't exactly LTI because they have modulation but they are "wide sense stationary" which means for all intents and purposes you can treat them as linear." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/to-all-the-pundits.137179/page-6#post-1713205 source]</blockquote>
+
It may seem counter-intuitive that the order doesn't matter but try it and you'll be surprised.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"If there isn't distortion or modulation in the delay/reverb then the order is irrelevant since they are then Linear Time Invariant (or shift invariant in digital parlance). If there is a small amount of distortion or modulation then the order is probably still irrelevant. If there is a lot of distortion or modulation then the order may make a difference. However, typically the biggest difference, as noted above, is series vs. parallel since h1(t)*h2(t) is not the same as h1(t)+h2(t). If LTI h1*h2 = h2*h1. It may seem counter-intuitive that the order doesn't matter but try it and you'll be surprised." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/delay-before-reverb-or-reverb-before-delay-whats-your-preference.57690/page-2#post-723087 source]</blockquote>
+
=Reverb block diagram=
  
Read this: [[Presets#PRE_and_POST_routing|PRE and POST routing]]
+
[[Image:Reverb block.png|450px]]
  
 
=Spillover=
 
=Spillover=
  
Spillover refers to the functionality to keeping the trails of the reverb audible after switching the effect off or switching presets, scenes, channels or X/Y. Read this: [[Spillover]]
+
Read this: [[Spillover]]
 +
 
 +
=Reverb quality and CPU usage=
 +
 
 +
Reverb requires a lot of CPU power.
 +
 
 +
; FM9 : The two Reverb blocks run in a dedicated DSP core, without much of an impact on the the overall CPU usage. But features added to the Delay and Reverb effects can overtax the effects’ processor in extreme use situations. Therefore, when viewing a Delay or Reverb effect editing GUI screen on the FM9 hardware, a CPU meter will appear on the display if the cpu usage moves past 75%. As with the primary effects core, the recommended maximum cpu use value is 80% to ensure best performance.
 +
 
 +
; FM3 : Amp modeling and reverb run on separate processors (early beta versions had them running on the same processor).
 +
 
 +
; AX8, FX8 : If CPU usage on the AX8 and FX8 gets above 90%, the processor will start disabling blocks. Usually Reverb is first, because it tends to suck up the most CPU power.
 +
 
 +
The Quality parameter sets the quality of the sound and determines the required DSP power. The modes are:
 +
* '''Economy'''
 +
* '''Normal'''
 +
* '''High'''
 +
* '''Ultra-High'''
 +
 
 +
High quality uses significantly more CPU; in firmware 23 and later up to 5% but provides world-class reverberation algorithms. Ultra-High increases modulation at the expense of a slight increase in CPU usage. ''In most situations, especially live, Normal or Economy provide the desired results and most listeners won't notice any difference.'' There's no Quality parameter in the Spring Reverb types. The Axe-Fx II, FX8 and AX8 default to Normal Quality. The FM3 defaults to Normal Quality. The Axe-Fx III and FM9 default to higher quality. When importing presets created on the Axe-Fx III or FM9 into the FM3, Reverb is automatically set to Economic Quality.
 +
 
 +
Other methods to reduce CPU usage in the Reverb block:  
 +
* Reduce Density
 +
* Use Spring Reverb which uses the least amount of CPU
 +
 
 +
<blockquote>
 +
'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''
 +
<HR>
  
=Reverb and CPU usage=
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/fm3-hot-questions-and-hopefully-answers.149968/page-5#post-1782403]
 +
Reverb uses a ton of CPU. On Axe-Fx 3 the reverbs have a "Ultra" mode that makes them sound better at the cost of more CPU usage.
  
Reverb uses a lot of CPU. Higher quality modes (Economy, Normal, High, Ultra) increase CPU usage.  
+
Added ULTRA-HIGH quality mode to Reverb block. This mode increases the modulation at the expense of a slight increase in CPU usage.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"Reverb uses a ton of CPU. On Axe-Fx 3 the reverbs have a "Ultra" mode that makes them sound better at the cost of more CPU usage." [https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/fm3-hot-questions-and-hopefully-answers.149968/page-5#post-1782403 source]</blockquote>
+
=Mono or stereo=
  
If CPU usage on the AX8 and FX8 gets above 90%, the processor will start disabling blocks. Usually Reverb is first, because it tends to suck up the most CPU power.
+
If it's stereo, the dry signal that passes through the Reverb block stays stereo. The signal which gets reverberated is first summed to mono. The resulting reverberated <q>wet</q> output of the Reverb block is stereo, except for the Spring reverb type.
  
On the FM3, amp modeling and reverb do NOT run on the same processor; this was true for an early beta version but not in the final release version.
+
The stereo reverb output can be made mono by setting Stereo Width to 0%.
  
Common methods to reduce CPU usage in the Reverb block: switch it to Normal Quality, reduce Density, or switch to Spring Reverb (uses the least amount of CPU).
+
Spring Reverb is mono.
  
Note: when an effect such as Reverb is automatically disabled because of CPU overload, audio passes through as if it were a shunt. If the Reverb is placed in a parallel row, this can cause a signal level issue.
+
The [[FAS-FX Reverb plugin]] plugin does not sum the input signal for reverberation to mono. It keeps and processes both sides in stereo.
  
=Mono or stereo reverb=
+
<blockquote>
 +
'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''
 +
<HR>
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-23-00-public-beta-2.198814/post-2474280]
 +
If you want stereo use two blocks and put them in parallel. Pan one hard left and the other hard right.
 +
</blockquote>
  
The Reverb's output is stereo. You can make it mono by setting Stereo Width to 0%.
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/spring-reverb-12-09.162502/post-1947330]
 +
The non-spring types create stereo.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
The signal at the input of the Reverb block (only the part for reverberation, not the passing-through signal) is summed to mono.
+
=Pitch shift (shimmer)=
  
<blockquote>"Stereo imaging is not effected. The L/R summation is only into the reverb engine itself. The dry signal is unaffected." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/stereo-reverb-blocks.127191/#post-1513261 source]</blockquote>
+
The Reverb block on the Axe-Fx III and FM9 can create shimmer reverb effects by itself through built-in pitch shifting. Several reverb types demonstrate the capability.
  
The [[FAS-FX Reverb plugin]] does not sum the input signal for reverberation to mono. It keeps and processes both sides in stereo.
+
* Andromeda
 +
* Aquarius
 +
* Capricorn
 +
* Centaurus
 +
* Gemini
 +
* Pegasus
 +
* Sagitarius
 +
* Ursu Major
  
=Room ambience in Reverb block or Cab block=
+
These types are also available on the FM3, although the FM3 doesn't support pitch shifting in the Reverb block.
  
Room ambience is a type of reverb that recreates the ambience of a room. The Cab block in most of Fractal Audio's hardware processors provides this feature.
+
The Pitch Direction parameter controls the direction of the pitch shifters:
 +
; FORWARD : Runs both shifters forward.
 +
; REVERSE : Runs both in reverse.
 +
; FOR/REV : Runs Voice 1 forward and Voice 2 in reverse.
 +
; REV/FOR : Runs Voice 1 in reverse and Voice 2 forward.
  
Firmware Ares added floor reflection modeling to room ambience.
+
The Pitch Position parameter controls the location of the pitch shifters:
 +
; INPUT : Locates the shifters at the input of the block.
 +
; MATRIX : Locates the shifters inside the reverb matrix.
 +
; FEEDBACK : Locates the shifters in the matrix feedback loop.
  
<blockquote>"The intensity of the floor reflections can be adjusted with the new FLOOR REFLECTIONS parameter. Floor reflections play a large role in “amp in the room” sound. If the amp is on a carpet the floor reflections are minimal. If the amp is on a wood or other hard surface the floor reflections are significant. Existing presets will initialize this value to 0% so as to not change the sound. The default value is 50%. Note that negative values, while not realistic, are supported which inverts the reflection. MIC SPACING sets the stereo width of early reflections by simulating mic separation in the virtual space."</blockquote>
+
MATRIX and FEEDBACK can yield more intense effects and also helps the reverb <q>stick</q> to the notes better. FEEDBACK builds slightly slower than MATRIX.
 
You can also use the regular Reverb block for simulating room ambience.
 
  
<blockquote>"The room stuff in the Cab block is a stripped-down, simplified version of the early reflections generator in the Reverb." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/updated-%E2%80%9Croom%E2%80%9D-in-the-cab-block.136611/#post-1618628 source]</blockquote>
+
''CAUTION: The MATRIX and FEEDBACK positions can cause instability at high values of Pitch Mix and Pitch Feedback. In general Pitch Feedback should be low or zero when using MATRIX or FEEDBACK.''
  
<blockquote>"Frankly the best way to do it is to use the Early Reflections in the Reverb block to adjust your room level to taste. It's the same algorithm. The room stuff in the cab block is for those who add reverb in post-processing. The Early Reflections in the Reverb block are matched to the shape and size of the room so they are inherently better." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-version-2-03.145132/page-5#post-1717067 source]</blockquote>
+
The shimmer effect can also be created with the Plex Delay effect, and with separate Reverb and Pitch blocks.
  
<blockquote>"If you just want the "room" stuff turn the reverb level down and the early reflections level up." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/updated-%E2%80%9Croom%E2%80%9D-in-the-cab-block.136611/#post-1618639 source]</blockquote>
+
Try these start settings: V1 12, V2 24, Splice Time 600, Reverse, Feedback, Modulation 22.5%.
  
<blockquote>"The trick on the Axe-Fx to get room ambience is to do the following in the Reverb block:
+
The Pitch High Cut parameter can be used to darken/brighten the pitch-shifted component of the reverb.
# Set Predelay to 0
 
# Increase Early Level and/or decrease Late Level.
 
# Adjust Size and Mix to taste.
 
  
When Predelay is at zero, the Reverb block is simulating a room. Most of the Reverb presets have a bit of predelay because that is typically done on recordings to get the reverb "out of the way". Likewise the Early Reflections are mixed low because most engineers/producers find that they clutter the mix. Playing solo that "in the room" thing is cool but it makes the sound difficult to mix." [http://www.thegearpage.net/board/index.php?threads/whats-lacking-in-todays-modelers.2009046/page-2#post-27810465 source]</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''
 +
<HR>
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-nimbostratus-doesnt-sound-the-same-in-fm3-as-in-ax3-help.200765/#post-2505967]
 +
The FM3 has a more limited Reverb block compared to the Axe-Fx III. It does not have the added pitch shifters. Those types that rely on this are included because frankly they still sound cool, and to ensure that other reverb types work in translation.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>(firmware Ares 2.05) "The early reflections in both the cab and reverb block were tweaked. The cab block now assumes a dipole radiator so the reflections off the front wall are inverted." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-2-05-public-beta.146211/page-5#post-1729420 source]</blockquote>
+
=Room ambience=
  
=Parameters=
+
Room ambience is a type of reverb that recreates the ambience of a room. The Cab block in most of Fractal Audio's hardware processors provides this feature, including floor reflections.
  
==Parameters table==
+
You can also use the regular Reverb block to produce room ambience.
  
{| class="wikitable"
+
Firmware 17 and later add support for [[Impulse_responses_(IR)#FullRes|FullRes IRs]] IRs to the Cab block and IR Player block. This allows using captures of stereo room mics for ambience ("amp+cab in the room"), as well as convolution reverb of up to 1.33 seconds.
|-
 
! '''Parameter'''
 
! '''Axe-Fx III / FM3'''
 
! '''Axe-Fx II'''
 
! '''AX8 / FX8'''
 
|-
 
| Input Select
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Type
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Time
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Size
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Pre-Delay
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Early Level
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Late Level
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| HF Decay Time, LF Decay Time
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| LF Crossover
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Echo Density
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Early Diffusion, Early Diffusion Time
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Early Decay
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Late Input Mix
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Quality
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Stack/Hold (firmware Ares 12 and later)
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Wall Diffusion
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Input Diffusion, Input Diffusion Time
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Mic Spacing
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Low Cut, High Cut
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Freq 1/2, Q 1/2, Gain 1/2
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Mod: Depth, Rate
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| LFO Phase
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Input Gain
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Stereo Spread
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Ducker: Threshold, Attenuation, Threshold
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|-
 
| Spring: Number, Tone, Drive, Boiiinnng!
 
! yes
 
!
 
!
 
|}
 
  
==Mix==
+
<blockquote>
 +
'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''
 +
<HR>
  
When using Mix to control the level of the Reverb, the volume level of the dry signal is affected: when increasing Mix, the dry signal's level decreases. The prevent this, turn up Mix to 50%, set Level to +3dB, and use Input Gain to set the desired amount of Reverb. Or, put Reverb in a parallel row with Mix at 100% and use Level or Input Gain to set the desired reverb level.
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-2-05-public-beta.146211/post-1729059]
 +
Improved Cabinet block room modeling by including floor reflection modeling. The intensity of the floor reflections can be adjusted with the new “Floor Reflections” parameter. Floor reflections play a large role in “amp in the room” sound. If the amp is on a carpet the floor reflections are minimal. If the amp is on a wood or other hard surface the floor reflections are significant. Existing presets will initialize this value to 0% so as to not change the sound. The default value is 50%. Note that negative values, while not realistic, are supported which inverts the reflection.
 +
</blockquote>
  
==Quality==
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/updated-%E2%80%9Croom%E2%80%9D-in-the-cab-block.136611/#post-1618628]
 +
The room stuff in the Cab block is a stripped-down, simplified version of the early reflections generator in the Reverb.
 +
</blockquote>
  
There are 3 "Quality" options in the Reverb block (firmware Ares 12 and later): Normal, High and Ultra-High. High quality uses significantly more CPU but provides world-class reverberation algorithms. Ultra-High increases modulation at the expense of a slight increase in CPU usage. In most situations, especially live, Normal Quality already provides the desired results. Most listeners won't notice any difference.
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-version-2-03.145132/page-5#post-1717067]
 +
Frankly the best way to do it is to use the Early Reflections in the Reverb block to adjust your room level to taste. It's the same algorithm. The room stuff in the cab block is for those who add reverb in post-processing. The Early Reflections in the Reverb block are matched to the shape and size of the room so they are inherently better.
 +
</blockquote>
  
The Spring Reverb type doesn't have the Quality parameter.
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/updated-%E2%80%9Croom%E2%80%9D-in-the-cab-block.136611/#post-1618639]
 +
If you just want the "room" stuff turn the reverb level down and the early reflections level up.  
 +
</blockquote>
  
The Axe-Fx II, FX8 and AX8 default to Normal Quality, where the Axe-Fx III defaults to High Quality. The FM3 defaults to Normal Quality.  
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://www.thegearpage.net/board/index.php?threads/whats-lacking-in-todays-modelers.2009046/page-2#post-27810465]
 +
The trick on the Axe-Fx to get room ambience is to do the following in the Reverb block:
 +
# Set Predelay to 0
 +
# Increase Early Level and/or decrease Late Level
 +
# Adjust Size and Mix to taste
 +
When Predelay is at zero, the Reverb block is simulating a room. Most of the Reverb presets have a bit of predelay because that is typically done on recordings to get the reverb "out of the way". Likewise the Early Reflections are mixed low because most engineers/producers find that they clutter the mix. Playing solo that "in the room" thing is cool but it makes the sound difficult to mix.
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"Reverb uses a ton of CPU. On Axe-FX3 the reverbs have a "Hi Quality" mode that makes them sound better at the cost of more CPU usage." [https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/fm3-hot-questions-and-hopefully-answers.149968/page-5#post-1782403 source]</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-2-05-public-beta.146211/page-5#post-1729420]
 +
The early reflections in both the cab and reverb block were tweaked. The cab block now assumes a dipole radiator so the reflections off the front wall are inverted.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>”In the Reverb block it selects a more advanced algorithm.“ [https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/high-quality-mode.157143/post-1872318 source]</blockquote>
+
=Parameters=
 +
 
 +
==Mix==
 +
 
 +
When using Mix to control the level of the Reverb, the volume level of the dry signal is affected: when increasing Mix, the dry signal's level decreases. The prevent this, turn up Mix to 50%, set Level to +3dB, and use Input Gain to set the desired amount of Reverb. Or, put Reverb in a parallel row with Mix at 100% and use Level or Input Gain to set the desired reverb level.
  
 
==Time==
 
==Time==
  
Maximum Reverb Time is 100 seconds in firmware Ares.
+
Maximum Reverb Time is 100 seconds.
 +
 
 +
==Size==
 +
 
 +
<blockquote>'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''<HR><blockquote>
 +
 
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-firmware-release-version-17-01-public-beta-2.177550/post-2162624]
 +
Adjusting the size parameter will causes artifacts. Always has. Don't adjust it while playing.
 +
 
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
 
==Stack/Hold==
 
==Stack/Hold==
Line 315: Line 374:
 
When Hold is activated, the wet input to the block is muted and Time is set to infinity. This can be used to achieve pad sounds and drone notes/chords.
 
When Hold is activated, the wet input to the block is muted and Time is set to infinity. This can be used to achieve pad sounds and drone notes/chords.
  
By attaching an external controller to Hold, an external pedal or switch can be used to control this "freeze" feature.  
+
By attaching an [[External controller]] to Hold, an external pedal or switch can be used to control this "freeze" feature.  
 
 
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z61WHX9V19Q Tutorial by Cooper Carter for G66]
 
 
 
<blockquote>"It requires a lot of calculations to change the Reverb time which is what Hold does (it increases it to a couple hours or something). If CPU use is high the calculations won't finish during one block which results in a click." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-hold-causes-click-solved.92603/#post-1117218 source] </blockquote>
 
  
<blockquote>"When activating reverb hold the time is increased to infinity. This causes a bunch of stuff to be recalculated which can cause a click. I'll have to look into it." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/3-01-reverb-hold-crackling.147319/#post-1741239 source]</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''<HR>
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-hold-causes-click-solved.92603/#post-1117218]
 +
It requires a lot of calculations to change the Reverb time which is what Hold does (it increases it to a couple hours or something). If CPU use is high the calculations won't finish during one block which results in a click.
 +
</blockquote>
  
Firmware Ares 12 added the "Stack" feature:
+
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/3-01-reverb-hold-crackling.147319/#post-1741239]
 +
When activating reverb hold the time is increased to infinity. This causes a bunch of stuff to be recalculated which can cause a click.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
<blockquote>"Added Stack/Hold parameter to Plex Delay and Plex Verb types in the Plex block. When set to STACK incoming audio is stacked on existing audio and held. When set to HOLD existing audio is held."</blockquote>
+
Current firmware provides the Stack/Hold feature. Also in some other blocks. When set to STACK incoming audio is stacked on existing audio and held. When set to HOLD existing audio is held.
  
 
When attaching a pedal to Off/Stack/Hold, Heel is Off, Stack is middle and Toe is Hold.
 
When attaching a pedal to Off/Stack/Hold, Heel is Off, Stack is middle and Toe is Hold.
Line 339: Line 402:
 
==Late Diffusion==
 
==Late Diffusion==
  
This parameter has been renamed Input Diffusion in firmware Ares.
+
This parameter has been renamed to Input Diffusion.
  
 
==Early Decay==
 
==Early Decay==
Line 350: Line 413:
  
 
Values beyond +/-100% increase the apparent image beyond the stereo field.
 
Values beyond +/-100% increase the apparent image beyond the stereo field.
 +
 +
==Pre-Delay==
 +
 +
Firmware 20 for the Axe-Fx III has added the ability to use Pre-Delay in the Reverb block as a simple echo. Pre-Delay now features Tempo, Feedback and Mix parameters. The pre-delay time has also been increased to 1s. Several Reverb types demonstrate this capability: Echo Plate, Echo Hall, Echo Room.
 +
 +
When Predelay is at zero, the Reverb block is simulating a room.
  
 
==Low Freq Time and High Freq Time==
 
==Low Freq Time and High Freq Time==
  
<blockquote>"These set the decay time relative to the midband time for the low frequencies and high frequencies. If you set the Time to, say, 10 seconds and High Freq Time to 0.1 the high frequencies will decay to -60 dB in 1 second." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-version-3-00.147127/page-3#post-1738501 source]</blockquote>
+
<blockquote>
 +
'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''
 +
<HR>
 +
 
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-firmware-version-3-00.147127/page-3#post-1738501]
 +
[…]
 +
If you are asking about Low Freq Time and High Freq Time those set the decay time relative to the midband time for the low frequencies and high frequencies. If you set the Time to, say, 10 seconds and High Freq Time to 0.1 the high frequencies will decay to -60 dB in 1 second.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
 
 +
<blockquote>
 +
[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/low-end-issues-with-verb-is-low-cut-in-the-verb-block-my-answer.105447/#post-1261649]  
 +
The reverb tail is divided into three bands. The low-frequency band is defined by LF Xover and LF Time. LF Xover sets the crossover frequency between the low and mid bands. LF Time controls the decay time of the low band relative to the mid band. So if LF Time is 2.0 the low-frequency decay time will be twice as long as the mid-band time. You may be able to use this to reduce low-frequency buildup.
 +
 
 +
High-frequency decay time works a bit differently. There is a single HF Time parameter. It controls the high-frequency absorption of the virtual room. The lower the value the faster the high frequencies decay relative to mid-band. A value of 1.0 means no high-frequency absorption.
 +
 
 +
The EQ page then controls equalization of the resulting tail. You can further shape the sound of the reverb using this, if desired.
  
<blockquote>"The reverb tail is divided into three bands. The low-frequency band is defined by LF Xover and LF Time. LF Xover sets the crossover frequency between the low and mid bands. LF Time controls the decay time of the low band relative to the mid band. So if LF Time is 2.0 the low-frequency decay time will be twice as long as the mid-band time. You may be able to use this to reduce low-frequency buildup. High-frequency decay time works a bit differently. There is a single HF Time parameter. It controls the high-frequency absorption of the virtual room. The lower the value the faster the high frequencies decay relative to mid-band. A value of 1.0 means no high-frequency absorption. The EQ page then controls equalization of the resulting tail. You can further shape the sound of the reverb using this, if desired. Real rooms tend to have a slightly longer low-frequency decay and a shorter high-frequency decay. However if you're using LOTS of simulated reverb within a real reverberant environment then you can get low-frequency buildup. The tips above should help you adjust to the environment." [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/low-end-issues-with-verb-is-low-cut-in-the-verb-block-my-answer.105447/#post-1261649 source] </blockquote>
+
Real rooms tend to have a slightly longer low-frequency decay and a shorter high-frequency decay. However if you're using LOTS of simulated reverb within a real reverberant environment then you can get low-frequency buildup. The tips above should help you adjust to the environment.
 +
</blockquote>
  
==Rev Mix (Global Menu)==
+
<blockquote>
 +
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/axe-fx-iii-16-00-beta-12-cygnus-firmware-public-release-candidate.172027/post-2079545]
 +
Another way to EQ the Reverb is to adjust the Low/High Freq Times. The reverb is essentially three bands. Time sets the RT60 (decay time) of the mid band. Low/High Freq Times adjust the decay times of the Low and High bands, respectively, relative to the mid band.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
The Rev Mix parameter in the Global menu lets you increase or decrease the Reverb Mix level across all presets at once. This lets you set the amount of reverb based on the environment.
+
==Rev Mix (Global Settings menu)==
  
<blockquote>"Global Reverb and Effects Mix are relative. If set to 0% the mix is set by the preset. If set to, say, -10% the mix would be 10% less than the preset mix.” [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/global-reverb-on-all-presets.94812/#post-1135617 source] </blockquote>
+
For more information see:
 +
* [[Presets#Global_Reverb_Mix|Global Reverb Mix]]
 +
* [[Presets#Global_Effects_Mix|Global Effects Mix]]
  
Note that Rev Mix may not work well with Reverb blocks in parallel rows which have Mix at 100%.
+
=Tips, tricks and troubleshooting=
  
Effects Mix is another Global parameter that boosts or cuts the Mix value of all blocks for which the GLOBAL MIX parameter is set to “ON”.
+
==Factory presets==
  
=Tips and tricks=
+
Many factory presets contain some kind of reverb. Search the [[Factory presets]] page for <q>reverb</q>.
  
 
==Alternative reverb effects==
 
==Alternative reverb effects==
  
Turn up Diffusion in the [[Delay block]] to smear the delays trails and turn it into reverb.  
+
* Turn up Diffusion in the [[Delay block]] to smear the delays trails and turn it into reverb.
 +
* Select Plex Verb in the [[Plex Delay block]] for ambient reverb.
 +
* Use the [[Megatap Delay block]].
  
Select Plex Verb in the [[Plex Delay block]] for ambient reverb.
+
==Gated reverb==
  
==Gated reverb==
+
For a gated reverb, try factory preset GATED REVERB or ADSR REVERB. Or use one of the [[Megatap Delay block]] types.
 +
 
 +
==Blooming reverb==
 +
 
 +
<blockquote>'''FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES'''<HR><blockquote>
  
Try the factory preset "Gated Reverb".
+
[https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/bloom-style-reverb.177759/#post-2164939]
 +
Put a Megatap block in front of the Reverb block. Set the type to Reverb Pre-Swell. Run the two blocks in parallel to the main signal chain.
 +
</blockquote>
 +
</blockquote>
  
More information on the user forum:
+
==More information==
* [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/nonlinear-reverb-and-mantic-proverb.122184 Matt’s gated reverb]
 
* [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/gated-reverb-tutorial.151928 Leon Todd’s tutorial]
 
  
=More information =
+
Here's some additional reading for extra-credit:
 +
* Wikipedia's <q>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverb Reverberation]</q> article.
 +
* <q>[http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-tweak-tip-best-of-both-worlds-o.23172 Reverb Tweak Tip - "best of both worlds"]</q> in the forum.
 +
* DPA Microphones' <q>[http://www.dpamicrophones.com/mic-university/10-important-facts-about-acoustics-for-microphone 10 Important Facts About Acoustics For Microphone Users]</q> page.
  
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverb Wikipedia]
+
=Videos=
* [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-tweak-tip-best-of-both-worlds-o.23172 Forum discussion] providing great info for tweaking the Pre-delay parameter and creating ambience, sitting in a mix
 
* [https://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/tutorial-dialing-up-my-reverb-with-the-fractal-audio-axe-fx-ii.75614/ Scott Peterson's tutorial]
 
* [http://www.dpamicrophones.com/mic-university/10-important-facts-about-acoustics-for-microphone About acoustics and reverberation]
 
* [http://forum.fractalaudio.com/threads/reverb-tips-tricks-and-favourites.145592 Leon: Todd's Reverb Tips]
 
  
 +
[[video:Cooper-Reverb-Quality]]
 +
[[video:Cooper-SoundonSound]]
 +
[[video:ScottP-Reverb]]
 +
[[video:Cooper-Best-Reverbs]]
 +
[[video:Leon-Reverb-Tips]]
 +
[[video:Rosh-Reverb]]
 +
[[video:Leon-SpringReverbs]]
  
 
[[category:Axe-Fx2]]
 
[[category:Axe-Fx2]]
 
[[category:FM3]]
 
[[category:FM3]]
 +
[[category:FM9]]
 
[[category:Axe-Fx3]]
 
[[category:Axe-Fx3]]
 
[[category:AX8]]
 
[[category:AX8]]
 
[[category:FX8]]
 
[[category:FX8]]
 
[[category:Sounds]]
 
[[category:Sounds]]
 +
[[category:All]]

Latest revision as of 20:37, 3 March 2024

Available on which products

Channels or X/Y

  • Axe-Fx III, FM9, FM3: 4 channels
  • Axe-Fx II, AX8, FX8: X/Y

FAS-FX Reverb plugin

Some of Fractal Audio's reverb algorithms are also available as software AAX, AU or VST plugins: See FAS-FX Reverb plugin for more information.

Reverb types

The reverb types are based on several algorithms, such as:

SPRING
A spring reverb in a guitar amp or standalone reverb tank.
ROOM
A natural realistic short reverb in a room.
CHAMBER 
A bright, resonant reverb natural reverb in a boxy chamber.
HALL
A natural long reverb in a concert hall. Similar to Room but a little less smooth and with some response peaks. Use this when you want your sound to stand out.
PLATE
A vibrating reverb plate with a smooth sound.
STUDIO
A classic digital studio reverb units.
TUNNEL
A natural reverb in a long, narrow space tunnel, great for special effects.

Some of the types are modeled after famous reverb units:

London Plate 
Based on the EMT 140 plate reverb, used on Pink Floyd albums.
Sun Plate 
Probably based on the plate reverb used on in Sun Studio.
North and South Church 
Inspired by the Bricasti.
Cloud types 
Probably inspired by the Big Sky.

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[1] The reverb block in the Axe-Fx is very powerful. Turn the Early Level up and the Late Level down and you can hear the different "spaces". There's a variety of room shapes from almost square to long and narrow along with plates and springs. The Size parameter allows you to scale the dimensions.

Referring to David Griesinger:

[2] […] He probably knows more about reverb than everyone else combined. He's the father of the Lexicon reverbs. According to him, and I have no reason to doubt him, real reverb (i.e. reverb from a real space) is actually inferior to synthetic reverb. This is due to human perception. Real reverb (and by extension convolution reverb) actually reduces intelligibility and clarity due to the particular nature of the decay, the decay being exponential. Synthetic reverb allows one to craft the decay curve thereby rendering improved clarity. If the decay curve is flat for a period and then exponential it doesn't clutter the desired program material.

The new reverb algorithms in the Axe-Fx are based on his theories.

[3] An "environment simulator" is reverb. There are dozens of different room shapes/types in the Reverb block. Turn down the late level and increase the early reflections level to hear the "room" shape.

[4] The algorithm is not intended to be a binaural simulator.

[5] The new reverb algorithms use more CPU than those from the Axe-Fx II would use but they sound better. Also the reverb defaults to high-quality mode whereas the II defaults to normal-quality mode.

[6] All the reverbs were designed by me. A handful (i.e., North Church) were inspired by the Bricasti M7. Otherwise they weren't inspired by anything in particular.

[7] Studio type is a different algorithm. The algorithms are similar but the Studio type is meant to reproduce that classic synthetic reverb sound in units like Lexicon and Eventide.

[8] I read many papers on reverb algorithms and there is one by David Griesinger that talks about perceptual qualities of reverb. I then spent a lot of time working out how to apply that to our reverberator. Our reverberator design is based on a modified FDN. FDNs are easy to make sound good. The hard part is making them sound great. The hardest part is getting the attack right.

Fractal Audio explains the improved SPRING reverb algorithm and new spring reverb types in the release notes with firmware 23:

[9] New algorithm is based on a digital waveguide with scattering nodes. This algorithm achieves accurate spring reproduction recreating the iconic “drip” and flutter of classic spring tanks.

There are two internal Spring Reverb types. The type can be selected using the Tank Type parameter. This parameter defaults to the appropriate type based on the model.

The first type has all the springs in parallel. This is used by the British Spring and Studio Spring models. This is equivalent to an Accutronics Type 8 reverb tank.

The second type has a pair of springs in series in parallel with one or more pairs of springs in series. This is equivalent to an Accutronics Type 4 (four springs) or Type 9 (six springs).

For the second Spring Reverb type the reflection off the junction between the coupled springs is controlled by the Scattering parameter. Vintage Accutronics reverb tanks exhibit more reflection off the junction than modern, Asian-made reverb tanks.

The “Drip” parameter controls the dispersion of the springs.

The various models have different tone controls.

Several new models have been added. The Tube Spring model is based on a 6G15 Tube Reverb and has an authentic tone control. Studio Spring is a hypothetical spring reverb with six long springs in parallel.

Note that the Modulation parameters have been removed as they are not compatible with the new algorithm.

Existing presets using Spring Reverb types are reset to default values. Audition as necessary.

[10] (Spring Reverb) This was an algorithm I've been working on on-and-off over the years. I dusted it off a couple weeks ago and took another go at it. I finally had a couple breakthroughs this week and spent the last few days refining the algorithm and the models. It's a sort of digital waveguide technique. It models the reflections off various points on the spring and the dispersion of the waves as they travel through the spring.

The PLATE reverb has also been improved in firmware 23. Release notes:

[11] New Plate Reverb algorithm. This new algorithm captures the dispersion (Star Wars™ Laser “pew, pew” sound) and unique stereo imaging of classic plate reverbs. Dispersion is adjustable via the Dispersion parameter. Typical plates are around 25-50%. Set to higher values to exaggerate the effect. Stereo imaging is adjustable via the Pickup Spacing parameter.

[12] The spring algorithm was the impetus for a new plate algorithm.

Other improvements in firmware 23:

Improved Reverb block early reflections. As a result, the default values of Early Level and Late Level for the models have been updated. Existing presets are automatically updated to the new values. Audition as necessary. The Early and Late Level parameters have also been removed from the Basic page of the Reverb block.

Added “Pre-Delay Tap” parameter to Reverb block. This selects the input to the reverb engine. When set to OUTPUT the behavior is as before. When set to INPUT the initial delay is absent. This allows more natural “Echo-Verb” sounds. This is now the default for these types of models and existing presets are automatically updated.

Many of the Reverb models have been updated in firmware 23. Existing presets: reselecting the model will load the new default values.

Reverb block position on the grid

Read PRE and POST routing first.

In the studio, DAWs and 19" rack rigs, reverb usually is placed at the end of the chain.

Put the Spring Reverb type before the Amp block for authenticity.

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[13] Placing reverb after the Cab is the recommended routing. The reverb is stereo. The Cab block may be mono so you would lose the stereo field.

Both blocks are linear so there is no advantage to placing reverb before the Cab.

[14] You just need to put it before the amp block as this is equivalent to how it would be in the amp. If you put it after the amp block it won't sound the same.

[15] The spring reverb in a fender amp is "effectively" in front because the preamp is essentially linear. Any distortion in a Fender comes from the power amp. Since the preamp is linear putting the reverb before the preamp is the same as putting it after preamp since linear systems are commutative, i.e. x + y = y + x.

Also, our spring reverb algorithm has been updated recently and sounds better than before. I used our Fender '63 Reverb unit as the reference.

[16] For authentic spring reverb sound you want the reverb in front of the amp block. A big reason spring reverbs sound the way they do is that they get colored by the amp.

[17] […] The preamp of a Fender doesn't distort much, if at all. Therefore it can be considered linear. Linear systems are commutative. Therefore reverb before the amp is the same as reverb between the preamp and poweramp.

[18] The reverb cannot be placed between the preamp and power amp. Doesn't matter though as putting the reverb before the amp block is the same thing for Fender amps because the preamp doesn't distort.

[19] Reverb is linear time-invariant (LTI) which means it's commutative. IOW, you can put EQ before or after and it will sound the same. It doesn't add harmonics or overtones, by definition. Now our reverb algorithms aren't exactly LTI because they have modulation but they are "wide sense stationary" which means for all intents and purposes you can treat them as linear.

[20] If there isn't distortion or modulation in the delay/reverb then the order is irrelevant since they are then Linear Time Invariant (or shift invariant in digital parlance). If there is a small amount of distortion or modulation then the order is probably still irrelevant. If there is a lot of distortion or modulation then the order may make a difference.

However, typically the biggest difference, as noted above, is series vs. parallel since h1(t)*h2(t) is not the same as h1(t)+h2(t). If LTI h1*h2 = h2*h1.

It may seem counter-intuitive that the order doesn't matter but try it and you'll be surprised.

Reverb block diagram

Reverb block.png

Spillover

Read this: Spillover

Reverb quality and CPU usage

Reverb requires a lot of CPU power.

FM9 
The two Reverb blocks run in a dedicated DSP core, without much of an impact on the the overall CPU usage. But features added to the Delay and Reverb effects can overtax the effects’ processor in extreme use situations. Therefore, when viewing a Delay or Reverb effect editing GUI screen on the FM9 hardware, a CPU meter will appear on the display if the cpu usage moves past 75%. As with the primary effects core, the recommended maximum cpu use value is 80% to ensure best performance.
FM3 
Amp modeling and reverb run on separate processors (early beta versions had them running on the same processor).
AX8, FX8 
If CPU usage on the AX8 and FX8 gets above 90%, the processor will start disabling blocks. Usually Reverb is first, because it tends to suck up the most CPU power.

The Quality parameter sets the quality of the sound and determines the required DSP power. The modes are:

  • Economy
  • Normal
  • High
  • Ultra-High

High quality uses significantly more CPU; in firmware 23 and later up to 5% but provides world-class reverberation algorithms. Ultra-High increases modulation at the expense of a slight increase in CPU usage. In most situations, especially live, Normal or Economy provide the desired results and most listeners won't notice any difference. There's no Quality parameter in the Spring Reverb types. The Axe-Fx II, FX8 and AX8 default to Normal Quality. The FM3 defaults to Normal Quality. The Axe-Fx III and FM9 default to higher quality. When importing presets created on the Axe-Fx III or FM9 into the FM3, Reverb is automatically set to Economic Quality.

Other methods to reduce CPU usage in the Reverb block:

  • Reduce Density
  • Use Spring Reverb which uses the least amount of CPU

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[21] Reverb uses a ton of CPU. On Axe-Fx 3 the reverbs have a "Ultra" mode that makes them sound better at the cost of more CPU usage.

Added ULTRA-HIGH quality mode to Reverb block. This mode increases the modulation at the expense of a slight increase in CPU usage.

Mono or stereo

If it's stereo, the dry signal that passes through the Reverb block stays stereo. The signal which gets reverberated is first summed to mono. The resulting reverberated wet output of the Reverb block is stereo, except for the Spring reverb type.

The stereo reverb output can be made mono by setting Stereo Width to 0%.

Spring Reverb is mono.

The FAS-FX Reverb plugin plugin does not sum the input signal for reverberation to mono. It keeps and processes both sides in stereo.

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[22] If you want stereo use two blocks and put them in parallel. Pan one hard left and the other hard right.

[23] The non-spring types create stereo.

Pitch shift (shimmer)

The Reverb block on the Axe-Fx III and FM9 can create shimmer reverb effects by itself through built-in pitch shifting. Several reverb types demonstrate the capability.

  • Andromeda
  • Aquarius
  • Capricorn
  • Centaurus
  • Gemini
  • Pegasus
  • Sagitarius
  • Ursu Major

These types are also available on the FM3, although the FM3 doesn't support pitch shifting in the Reverb block.

The Pitch Direction parameter controls the direction of the pitch shifters:

FORWARD 
Runs both shifters forward.
REVERSE 
Runs both in reverse.
FOR/REV 
Runs Voice 1 forward and Voice 2 in reverse.
REV/FOR 
Runs Voice 1 in reverse and Voice 2 forward.

The Pitch Position parameter controls the location of the pitch shifters:

INPUT 
Locates the shifters at the input of the block.
MATRIX 
Locates the shifters inside the reverb matrix.
FEEDBACK 
Locates the shifters in the matrix feedback loop.

MATRIX and FEEDBACK can yield more intense effects and also helps the reverb stick to the notes better. FEEDBACK builds slightly slower than MATRIX.

CAUTION: The MATRIX and FEEDBACK positions can cause instability at high values of Pitch Mix and Pitch Feedback. In general Pitch Feedback should be low or zero when using MATRIX or FEEDBACK.

The shimmer effect can also be created with the Plex Delay effect, and with separate Reverb and Pitch blocks.

Try these start settings: V1 12, V2 24, Splice Time 600, Reverse, Feedback, Modulation 22.5%.

The Pitch High Cut parameter can be used to darken/brighten the pitch-shifted component of the reverb.

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[24] The FM3 has a more limited Reverb block compared to the Axe-Fx III. It does not have the added pitch shifters. Those types that rely on this are included because frankly they still sound cool, and to ensure that other reverb types work in translation.

Room ambience

Room ambience is a type of reverb that recreates the ambience of a room. The Cab block in most of Fractal Audio's hardware processors provides this feature, including floor reflections.

You can also use the regular Reverb block to produce room ambience.

Firmware 17 and later add support for FullRes IRs IRs to the Cab block and IR Player block. This allows using captures of stereo room mics for ambience ("amp+cab in the room"), as well as convolution reverb of up to 1.33 seconds.

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[25] Improved Cabinet block room modeling by including floor reflection modeling. The intensity of the floor reflections can be adjusted with the new “Floor Reflections” parameter. Floor reflections play a large role in “amp in the room” sound. If the amp is on a carpet the floor reflections are minimal. If the amp is on a wood or other hard surface the floor reflections are significant. Existing presets will initialize this value to 0% so as to not change the sound. The default value is 50%. Note that negative values, while not realistic, are supported which inverts the reflection.

[26] The room stuff in the Cab block is a stripped-down, simplified version of the early reflections generator in the Reverb.

[27] Frankly the best way to do it is to use the Early Reflections in the Reverb block to adjust your room level to taste. It's the same algorithm. The room stuff in the cab block is for those who add reverb in post-processing. The Early Reflections in the Reverb block are matched to the shape and size of the room so they are inherently better.

[28] If you just want the "room" stuff turn the reverb level down and the early reflections level up.

[29] The trick on the Axe-Fx to get room ambience is to do the following in the Reverb block:

  1. Set Predelay to 0
  2. Increase Early Level and/or decrease Late Level
  3. Adjust Size and Mix to taste

When Predelay is at zero, the Reverb block is simulating a room. Most of the Reverb presets have a bit of predelay because that is typically done on recordings to get the reverb "out of the way". Likewise the Early Reflections are mixed low because most engineers/producers find that they clutter the mix. Playing solo that "in the room" thing is cool but it makes the sound difficult to mix.

[30] The early reflections in both the cab and reverb block were tweaked. The cab block now assumes a dipole radiator so the reflections off the front wall are inverted.

Parameters

Mix

When using Mix to control the level of the Reverb, the volume level of the dry signal is affected: when increasing Mix, the dry signal's level decreases. The prevent this, turn up Mix to 50%, set Level to +3dB, and use Input Gain to set the desired amount of Reverb. Or, put Reverb in a parallel row with Mix at 100% and use Level or Input Gain to set the desired reverb level.

Time

Maximum Reverb Time is 100 seconds.

Size

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[31] Adjusting the size parameter will causes artifacts. Always has. Don't adjust it while playing.

Stack/Hold

When Hold is activated, the wet input to the block is muted and Time is set to infinity. This can be used to achieve pad sounds and drone notes/chords.

By attaching an External controller to Hold, an external pedal or switch can be used to control this "freeze" feature.

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[32] It requires a lot of calculations to change the Reverb time which is what Hold does (it increases it to a couple hours or something). If CPU use is high the calculations won't finish during one block which results in a click.

[33] When activating reverb hold the time is increased to infinity. This causes a bunch of stuff to be recalculated which can cause a click.

Current firmware provides the Stack/Hold feature. Also in some other blocks. When set to STACK incoming audio is stacked on existing audio and held. When set to HOLD existing audio is held.

When attaching a pedal to Off/Stack/Hold, Heel is Off, Stack is middle and Toe is Hold.

Early Diffusion

This sets the amount of diffusion in the early reflections. Higher values result in fuzzier and less distinct echoes. Lower values result in sharp, distinct reflections.

Early Diff Time

This scales the delay time of the early reflections diffusers. Adjust this control to suit the size and character of the simulated environment.

Late Diffusion

This parameter has been renamed to Input Diffusion.

Early Decay

This controls the decay rate of the early reflections. Higher values yield faster decay.

The reverb tail is automatically set to the appropriate delay. In High Quality mode an additional parameter is available: Late Input Mix. This parameter controls the mix between the (possibly diffused) input and the early reflections data input to the late reverb algorithm. Thus this parameter mixes the output of the diffuser and the early reflections prior to inputting that data to the late reverb generator. With the Late Input Mix at 0% the High Quality mode is identical to the Normal Quality mode. Values greater than 0% mix early reflections data into the late reverb using a proprietary decorrelation technique which eliminates any metallic qualities associated with the typical diffuser techniques used in other products.

Spread

Values beyond +/-100% increase the apparent image beyond the stereo field.

Pre-Delay

Firmware 20 for the Axe-Fx III has added the ability to use Pre-Delay in the Reverb block as a simple echo. Pre-Delay now features Tempo, Feedback and Mix parameters. The pre-delay time has also been increased to 1s. Several Reverb types demonstrate this capability: Echo Plate, Echo Hall, Echo Room.

When Predelay is at zero, the Reverb block is simulating a room.

Low Freq Time and High Freq Time

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[34] […] If you are asking about Low Freq Time and High Freq Time those set the decay time relative to the midband time for the low frequencies and high frequencies. If you set the Time to, say, 10 seconds and High Freq Time to 0.1 the high frequencies will decay to -60 dB in 1 second.

[35] The reverb tail is divided into three bands. The low-frequency band is defined by LF Xover and LF Time. LF Xover sets the crossover frequency between the low and mid bands. LF Time controls the decay time of the low band relative to the mid band. So if LF Time is 2.0 the low-frequency decay time will be twice as long as the mid-band time. You may be able to use this to reduce low-frequency buildup.

High-frequency decay time works a bit differently. There is a single HF Time parameter. It controls the high-frequency absorption of the virtual room. The lower the value the faster the high frequencies decay relative to mid-band. A value of 1.0 means no high-frequency absorption.

The EQ page then controls equalization of the resulting tail. You can further shape the sound of the reverb using this, if desired.

Real rooms tend to have a slightly longer low-frequency decay and a shorter high-frequency decay. However if you're using LOTS of simulated reverb within a real reverberant environment then you can get low-frequency buildup. The tips above should help you adjust to the environment.

[36] Another way to EQ the Reverb is to adjust the Low/High Freq Times. The reverb is essentially three bands. Time sets the RT60 (decay time) of the mid band. Low/High Freq Times adjust the decay times of the Low and High bands, respectively, relative to the mid band.

Rev Mix (Global Settings menu)

For more information see:

Tips, tricks and troubleshooting

Factory presets

Many factory presets contain some kind of reverb. Search the Factory presets page for reverb.

Alternative reverb effects

Gated reverb

For a gated reverb, try factory preset GATED REVERB or ADSR REVERB. Or use one of the Megatap Delay block types.

Blooming reverb

FRACTAL AUDIO QUOTES


[37] Put a Megatap block in front of the Reverb block. Set the type to Reverb Pre-Swell. Run the two blocks in parallel to the main signal chain.

More information

Here's some additional reading for extra-credit:

Videos